In situ formation of <scp>Imidazole‐Based 2D</scp> interlayer for efficient perovskite solar cells and modules

After overcoming 25% of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), lots efforts are being put into modularization. In order to advance this, development passivation materials that can operate effectively without affecting cell areas is essential. This study introduces 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (DMIMB), which an imidazole-based passivator, working well form a uniform 2D interlayer on surface regardless area. Consequently, films adopted DMIMB employed film showed less trap density, more suitable Fermi level, led enhancement up PCE 22.40%. Furthermore, DMIMP enables scalable PSCs, resulting in 18.43% modules (PSMs) active area 22.6 cm2.